Billie Holiday was born Eleanora Fagan in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. (Some sources say her birthplace was Baltimore, Maryland, and her
birth certificate reportedly reads "Elinore Harris.") Holiday spent
much of her childhood in Baltimore. Her mother, Sadie, was only a teenager when
she had her. Her father is widely believed to be Clarence Holiday, who
eventually became a
successful jazz musician, playing with the likes of
Fletcher Henderson.
successful jazz musician, playing with the likes of
Fletcher Henderson.
Unfortunately for Billie, her father was an infrequent
visitor in her life growing up. Sadie married Philip Gough in 1920 and for a
few years Billie had a somewhat stable home life. But that marriage ended a few
years later, leaving Billie and Sadie to struggle along on their own again.
Sometimes Billie was left in the care of other people.
Holiday started skipping school, and she and her mother
went to court over Holiday's truancy. She was then sent to the House of Good
Shepherd, a facility for troubled African American girls, in January 1925.
Only 9 years old at the time, Holiday was one of the
youngest girls there. She was returned to her mother's care in August of that
year. In her difficult early life, Holiday found solace in music, singing along
to the records of Bessie Smith and Louis Armstrong. She followed her mother,
who had moved to New York City in the late
1920s, and worked in a house of
prostitution in Harlem for a time. Around 1930, Holiday began singing in local
clubs and renamed herself "Billie" after the film star Billie Dove.
1920s, and worked in a house of
prostitution in Harlem for a time. Around 1930, Holiday began singing in local
clubs and renamed herself "Billie" after the film star Billie Dove.
At the age of 18, Holiday was discovered by producer John
Hammond while she was performing in a Harlem jazz club. Hammond was
instrumental in getting Holiday recording work with an up-and-coming
clarinetist and bandleader Benny Goodman. With Goodman, she sang vocals for
several tracks, including her first commercial release "Your Mother's
Son-In-Law" and the 1934 top ten hit "Riffin' the Scotch." Known
for her distinctive phrasing and expressive, sometimes melancholy voice,
Holiday went on to record with jazz pianist Teddy Wilson and others in 1935. She
made several singles, including "What a Little Moonlight Can Do" and
"Miss Brown to You." That same year, Holiday appeared with Duke
Ellington in the film Symphony in Black.
Around this time, Holiday met and befriended saxophonist Lester Young, who was part of Count Basie's orchestra on and off for years. He even lived with Holiday and her mother Sadie for a while. Young gave Holiday the nickname "Lady Day" in 1937—the same year she joined Basie's band. In return, she called him "Prez," which was her way of saying that she thought it was the greatest.
Holiday toured with the Count Basie Orchestra in 1937.
The
following year, she worked with Artie Shaw and his orchestra. Holiday broke
new ground with Shaw, becoming one of the first female African American
vocalists to work with a white orchestra. Promoters, however, objected to
Holiday—for her race and for her unique vocal style—and she ended up leaving
the orchestra out of frustration. Striking out on her own, Holiday performed at
New York's Café Society. She developed some of her trademark stage persona
there—wearing gardenias in her hair and singing with her head tilted back.
following year, she worked with Artie Shaw and his orchestra. Holiday broke
new ground with Shaw, becoming one of the first female African American
vocalists to work with a white orchestra. Promoters, however, objected to
Holiday—for her race and for her unique vocal style—and she ended up leaving
the orchestra out of frustration. Striking out on her own, Holiday performed at
New York's Café Society. She developed some of her trademark stage persona
there—wearing gardenias in her hair and singing with her head tilted back.
During this engagement, Holiday also debuted two of her
most famous songs, "God Bless the Child" and "Strange
Fruit."
Columbia, her record company at the time, was not interested in
"Strange Fruit," which was a powerful story about the lynching of
African Americans in the South. Holiday recorded the song with the Commodore
label instead. "Strange Fruit" is considered to be one of her
signature ballads, and the controversy that surrounded it—some radio stations
banned the record—helped make it a hit.
Columbia, her record company at the time, was not interested in
"Strange Fruit," which was a powerful story about the lynching of
African Americans in the South. Holiday recorded the song with the Commodore
label instead. "Strange Fruit" is considered to be one of her
signature ballads, and the controversy that surrounded it—some radio stations
banned the record—helped make it a hit.
Over the years, Holiday sang many songs of stormy
relationships, including "T'ain't Nobody's Business If I Do" and
"My Man." These songs reflected her personal romances, which were
often destructive and abusive. Holiday married James Monroe in 1941.
Already known
to drink, Holiday picked up her new husband's habit of smoking opium. The
marriage didn't last—they later divorced—but Holiday's problems with substance
abuse continued.
Already known
to drink, Holiday picked up her new husband's habit of smoking opium. The
marriage didn't last—they later divorced—but Holiday's problems with substance
abuse continued.
That same year, Holiday had a hit with "God Bless
the Child." She later signed with Decca Records in 1944 and scored an
R&B hit the next year with "Lover Man." Her boyfriend at the time
was trumpeter Joe Guy, and with him she started using heroin. After the death
of her mother in October 1945, Holiday began drinking more heavily and
escalated her drug use to ease her grief.
Despite her personal problems, Holiday remained a major star in the jazz
world—and even in popular music as well. She appeared with her idol Louis
Armstrong in the 1947 film New Orleans, albeit playing the role of a maid.
Unfortunately, Holiday's drug use caused her a great
professional setback that same year. She was arrested and convicted for
narcotics possession in 1947. Sentenced to one year and a day of jail time, Holiday
went to a federal rehabilitation facility in Alderston, West Virginia. Released
the following year, Holiday faced new challenges. Because of her conviction,
she was unable to get the necessary license to play in cabarets and clubs.
Holiday, however, could still perform at concert halls and had a sold-out show
at the Carnegie Hall not long after her release. 
With some help from John Levy, a New York club owner,
Holiday was later to get to play in New York's Club Ebony. Levy became her
boyfriend and manager by the end of the 1940s, joining the ranks of the men who
took advantage of Holiday. Also around this time, she was again arrested for
narcotics, but she was acquitted of the charges.
While her hard living was taking a toll on her voice,
Holiday continued to tour and record in the 1950s. She began recording for
Norman Granz, the owner of several small jazz labels, in 1952. Two years later,
Holiday had a hugely successful tour of Europe.

Holiday also caught the public's attention by sharing her life story with the world in 1956. Her autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues (1956), was written in collaboration by William Dufty. Some of the material in the book, however, must be taken with a grain of salt. Holiday was in rough shape when she worked with Dufty on the project, and she claimed to have never read the book after it was finished.
Around this time, Holiday became involved with Louis McKay. The two were arrested for narcotics in 1956, and they married in
Mexico
the following year. Like many other men in her life, McKay used Holiday's name
and money to advance himself. Despite all of the trouble she had been
experiencing with her voice, she managed to give an impressive performance on
the CBS television broadcast The Sound of Jazz with Ben Webster, Lester Young,
and Coleman Hawkins.

Holiday also caught the public's attention by sharing her life story with the world in 1956. Her autobiography, Lady Sings the Blues (1956), was written in collaboration by William Dufty. Some of the material in the book, however, must be taken with a grain of salt. Holiday was in rough shape when she worked with Dufty on the project, and she claimed to have never read the book after it was finished.
Around this time, Holiday became involved with Louis McKay. The two were arrested for narcotics in 1956, and they married in
Mexico
the following year. Like many other men in her life, McKay used Holiday's name
and money to advance himself. Despite all of the trouble she had been
experiencing with her voice, she managed to give an impressive performance on
the CBS television broadcast The Sound of Jazz with Ben Webster, Lester Young,
and Coleman Hawkins.
After years of lacklustre recordings and record sales,
Holiday recorded Lady in Satin (1958) with the Ray Ellis Orchestra for
Columbia. The album's songs showcased her rougher sounding voice, which still
could convey great emotional intensity.Holiday gave her final performance in
New York City on May 25, 1959. Not long after
this event, Holiday was admitted
to the hospital for heart and liver problems.
this event, Holiday was admitted
to the hospital for heart and liver problems.
She was so addicted to heroin that she was even arrested
for possession while in the hospital. On July 17, 1959, Holiday died from
alcohol- and drug-related complications.
More than 3,000 people turned out to say good-bye to Lady
Day at her funeral held in St. Paul the Apostle Roman Catholic Church on July
21, 1959. A who's who of the jazz world attended the solemn occasion, including
Benny Goodman, Gene Krupa, Tony Scott, Buddy Rogers and John Hammond. Considered
one of the best jazz vocalists of all time, Holiday has been an influence on
many other performers who have followed in her footsteps.
In 2000, Billie Holiday was inducted into the Rock and
Roll Hall of Fame with Diana Ross handling the honours (Edited
from biography.com).








































