Gerald Joseph Mulligan (April 6, 1927 – January 20, 1996)
was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, composer and arranger.
Born in New York, the most famous and probably greatest jazz
baritonist of all time, Gerry Mulligan was a giant. A flexible soloist who was
always ready to jam with anyone from Dixielanders to the most advanced boppers,
Mulligan brought a somewhat revolutionary light sound to his potentially
awkward and brutal horn and played with the speed and dexterity of an altoist.
Mulligan started on the piano before learning clarinet and
the various saxophones. His initial reputation was as an arranger. In 1944 he
wrote charts for Johnny Warrington's radio band and soon was making
contributions to the books of Tommy Tucker and George Paxton. He moved to New
York in 1946 and joined Gene Krupa's Orchestra as a staff arranger; his most
notable chart was "Disc Jockey Jump." The rare times he played with
Krupa's band was on alto and the same situation existed when he was with Claude
Thornhill in 1948.
Gerry Mulligan's first notable recorded work on baritone was
with Miles Davis' Birth of the Cool nonet (1948-50) but once again his
arrangements ("Godchild," "Darn That Dream" and three of
his originals "Jeru," "Rocker" and "Venus de
Milo") were more significant than his short solos. Mulligan spent much of
1949 writing for Elliot Lawrence's orchestra and playing anonymously in the
saxophone section. It was not until 1951 that he began to get a bit of
attention
for his work on baritone.
Mulligan recorded with his own nonet for Prestige,
displaying an already recognizable sound. After he travelled to Los Angeles, he
wrote some arrangements for Stan Kenton (including "Youngblood,"
"Swing House" and "Walking Shoes"), worked at the
Lighthouse and then gained a regular Monday night engagement at the Haig.
Around this time Mulligan realized that he enjoyed the extra freedom of soloing
without a pianist. He jammed with trumpeter Chet Baker and soon their magical
rapport was featured in his piano-less quartet. The group caught on quickly in
1952 and made both Mulligan and Baker into stars.
A drug bust put Mulligan out of action and ended that
quartet but, when he was released from jail in 1954, Mulligan began a new
musical partnership with valve trombonist Bob Brookmeyer that was just as
successful. Trumpeter Jon Eardley and Zoot Sims on tenor occasionally made the
group a sextet and in 1958 trumpeter
Art Farmer was featured in Mulligan's
Quartet. Being a very flexible player with respect for other stylists, Mulligan
went out of his way to record with some of the great musicians he admired.
At the 1958 Newport Jazz Festival he traded off with
baritonist Harry Carney on "Prima Bara Dubla" while backed by the
Duke Ellington Orchestra, and during 1957-60 he recorded separate albums with
Thelonious Monk, Paul Desmond, Stan Getz, Ben Webster and Johnny Hodges.
Mulligan played on the classic Sound of Jazz television special in 1958 and
appeared in the movies I Want to Live and The Subterraneans.
 |
| Gerry & Franca Mulligan |
Mulligan died in Darien, Connecticut, on January 20, 1996, at the age of 68, following complications from knee surgery. His widow Franca – to whom he had been married since 1976 – said he had also been suffering from liver cancer.
Upon Mulligan's death, his library and numerous personal effects
(including a gold-plated Conn baritone saxophone) were given to the Library of
Congress. 'The Gerry Mulligan Collection' is open to registered public
researchers in the library's Performing Arts Research Centre.The library placed
Mulligan's saxophone on permanent exhibit in early 2009.
(Edited from Wikipedia and mainly AllMusic bio by Scott
Yanow)
Here's a clip from Germany 1987.Gerry Mulligan (bs), Bill Mays (p), Dean Johnson (b), Butch Miles (dr)
Here's a clip from Germany 1987.Gerry Mulligan (bs), Bill Mays (p), Dean Johnson (b), Butch Miles (dr)
